Whether or not the ancient rune-masters realized the above phonological peculiarities is not clear, but the inscriptions containing the complete Elder Futhark are very numerous. It is astonishing how elaborate is the inner code of the runic sequence. This is not all: each group has one labial consonant ( f, p, b) and a pair of stop consonants, each with an unvoiced and a sonant consonant ( k– g s– z t– d).Īll this shows that the creator of the Elder Futhark had deep insights into the phonological structure of the language for which he designed this form of writing. The number of consonants that go after the last vowel in each group decreases according to the pattern 4-2-0. The number of consonants between the two vowels in each group grows in progression 1-2-4. Moreover, the last vowels in each group ( a, ï and o) are divided by equal intervals of 9 runes. First of all: each of them contains 2 vowels and 6 consonants. Now let us consider the structure of the families on the basis of the rune-order preserved on the Kylver stone (we have to remember that R-rune represents the Common Germanic z):Ī few things are remarkable about these three groups. Accordingly, these groups or families of runes were called by the names of Freyr, Hagall and Týr. Now let us compare the two variants more in detail:īeside the obvious fact that the inscriptions go in the opposite directions, two more observations should be made: (1) the order of the runes is not the same: groups p-ï and d-o of the Kylver variant go in a reverse order in the Vadstena variant (2) the Vadstena Futhark is divided into three groups of eight (in Old Norse called ǽttir, ‘families’), beginning with f, h and t-runes. The last rune is not visible because of the necklace holder, but there is no doubt that it was d-rune (as it appears there on the Mariedamm bracteate, which is almost identical). Note the peculiar form of the p-rune, which looks exactly like b ï and s-runes are in a mirror image many runic signs look substantially different as compared to those on the Kylver stone. The runes are written from right to left. The Futhark inscription begins at 9 and goes to 12 o’clock in the counterclockwise direction (from 12 to 9 o’clock the inscription reads: tuwatuwa). Note that f, w and r-runes have no twigs a, s and b-runes are in a mirror image. Let us consider the two earliest sequential listings of the Germanic Elder Futhark runes “as is”: However, we should be aware of the fact that getting the real picture implies the analysis of actual runic inscriptions, not their standardized reproductions. We proudly serve the areas of Midway, Mountain Iron, Leonidas, Eveleth, Gilbert, McKinley, Iron Junction, Kinney, and surrounding cities.Countless “introductions to runes” each represent the Germanic Elder Futhark in a standardized form, both as for the appearance of the individual runes and the order in which they are arranged ( my earlier post on the Elder Futhark is no exception). Some of our featured brands are Sony, Samsung, Big Green Egg, Ganz, Bosch, Bose, Swann, LG, Brown, Danby, Frigidaire and more. Our home audio and television products range from home theater receivers, HDTV’s, 4k Ultra HD TV, Smart Capable TV, Curved Screen TV, LCD TV, LED TV and OLED TV’s integrated amplifiers, speakers and sound bars, Blu-Ray players, headphones and more. To keep your home comfortable, we have air conditioners, dehumidifiers, and water softeners. We also stock laundry products that range from front load and top loading washers to stackable washers, dryers, and pedestals. We carry kitchen products that include refrigerators, freezers, icemakers, cooktops, stoves, wall ovens, ranges, microwaves, hoods, dishwashers and disposals. We also offer electronics for your home audio/video, automation, networking and integration services. We specialize in appliance service including: delivery, installation, and repair. Perpich TV & Appliance is an appliance, electronics, and custom installation provider store located in Virginia, MN offering appliances for your home, kitchen, laundry, and outdoor needs.
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